Fogelson Study Questions:

1. What was the purpose of the mission, pueblo and presidio? 5-6

2. What happened to the missions? How was a rancho laid out? 7-8

3. Why did the Spanish choose the sight they did for Los Angeles in 1781? What did the early trade between the surrounding ranchero and foreigners consist of? 8-9 Before the Gold Rush, was Los Angeles on the verge of becoming a large city or just  local service center? 10

4. How did the cattle market develop in southern California after gold was discovered at Sutter’s Mill? 15

5. By the time of the Civil War, did southern California rancheros still rely on the cattle market? What did they do with their land to make more money? 18-19 How did this transform Los Angeles? 20

6. What was city policy regarding the huge pueblo land grant it inherited from the Mexican period? 39, 42

7. Was Los Angeles’ development as the largest southern California city inevitable? With what four towns did Los Angeles compete for the countryside trade before 1870? 43

8. What were the advantages of San Diego to railroad men? 44-45

9. What did southern California need to connect with in order to get the transcontinental railroad? Why was San Diego’s magnificent harbor its greatest liability? 51

10. What did the Southern Pacific Railroad want from los Angeles? Who opposed the bond issue to give the railroad what it wanted? Why didn’t Los Angles buy into the less expensive plan of Tom Scott’s to build a railroad to his transcontinental railroad at San Diego? 52-55

11. How did the Southern Pacific Railroad transform once isolated southern California after the Civil War? What did landowners do to attract eastern farmers? What assets attracted these easterners? 64

12. Why did a real estate boom begin in southern California in the mid-1880s? Even when the bust hit, what had the boom done for Los Angeles? 66-67

13. How did southern California’s chamber of commerce advertising successfully lure Midwesterners after 1900? 72

14. How did changing patterns of migration and immigration favor Los Angeles after 1900? 76-77

15. What advantages did the cable car and later electrified street railways have over horse-drawn streetcars in the Los Angeles area? 86

16. How did Henry Huntington (the nephew of Central Pacific and Southern Pacific RR owner Colis P. Huntington) make millions in the interurban railway business at the turn of the century L.A. ? 87-91

17. How did the automobile promote further suburbanization? 92

18. Who built the early highways in Los Angeles? Who built the freeways? Why? 94

19. How did the Los Angeles board of Water Commissioners and former Mayor Fred Eaton act to solve the city’s water problems? 97-98

20. What problems did the inland city of Los Angeles face in trying to get a port on the Pacific Ocean?

21. How did the Southern Pacific Railroad and Redondo Beach delay Los Angeles’ efforts? 110-111

22.What factors helped the Free Harbor League to beat the Railroad? 113-114

23. How did Los Angeles finally extend its municipal limits to the oceanfront? 115-117

24. Why did Los Angeles’ Harbor Department have to consolidate all of the railways in the port area? 118

25. What events and economic trains helped Los Angeles finally to develop more of an industrial base? 125-128

26. Why did the big rubber companies decide to locate in Los Angeles rather than San Francisco or Portland? 129

27. Why did trade unions have a difficult fight in Los Angeles, especially compared to their counterparts in San Francisco? 130-131

28. What factors account for the “unique dispersal” (sprawl) of Los Angeles? 144-146

29. Unlike Los Angeles’ commercial and professional enterprise, why was industry not concentrated downtown in 1920? 148

30. Why did Los Angeles’ downtown merchants not feel the need to relocate to the outer suburbs in 1920? 151

31. What forces led to the outward migration of retail from downtown? What policies gave industry a greater choice of sites on which to locate? 153

32. Where were Los Angeles’ new “segregate industrial suburbs”? 154

33. What roles did the electric streetcars play in the development of Los Angeles? 165

34. How did the city of Lo Angeles help to discourage the streetcar companies? 169

35. Why were voluntary associations in los Angeles not successful in binding communities together? 195

36. Why did the city’s minorities often turn on one another? 204

We’ll stop here so as not to get ahead of the rest of the course!